| The World | Period | Historical Event | Architectural & Cultural Contribution | ||
| 1 BC to AD 3 | Satavahanas (North Deccan) | ||||
| 4 AD - 5 AD | Vakatakas of Vidarbha | ||||
| 5 AD - 6 AD | Vishnukundis of Andhra | ||||
| c. 556-757 | Chalukyas of Vatapi (West & Central Deccan | ||||
| c. 630-970 | Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi (Andhra Pradesh) | ||||
| c. 753-973 | Rashtrakutras (West & Central Deccan) | ||||
| c. 973-1189 | Chalukyas of Kalyani (West & Central Deccan) | ||||
| c. 1100-1327 | Hoysalas of Dvarasamudra (Central & South Deccan | ||||
| c. 1190-1294 | Yadavas of Devagiri (North Deccan) | ||||
| 1310-1346 | Khaljis and Tughluq invasions | The invasions resulted in the ultimate decline of the three most important ruling dynasties and paved the way for the Vijayangar in the Tungabhadra region and the Bahmani Kingdom in northern Deccan. | |||
| 1347-1526 | Takes possession of Golconda Fort During the reign of Sultan Mohammad Shah Bahmani (1358-1375) Raja Krishna Dev, a Kakatiya King of Warangal, handed over the mud fort, then called Mankal, to Muhammad Shah Bahani of Gulbarga under a pact. | ||||
Qutb Shahi Dynasty | |||||
| 1495 | Sultan Quli Qutbul Mulk | High ranking Turkish officer made Subedar of Telengana. Sultan Quli made his headquarters in Golconda. He strenghthened it with granite fortifications. According to legend the name Golconda was derived by combining the names of two of the sultans most loyal courtiers, Gulla and Kuntiah. | |||
| 1518 | Qutb Shahi Dynasty founded | With the disintegration of the Bahmani Kingdom, Sultan Quli assumed independence and founded the Qutb Shahi Dynasty. At the age of 99 he was killed by his son Jamsheed Quli. Sultan Quli uilt a massive citadel called Muhammadnagar, well known for its trade in diamonds and precious stones. Masjid Safa at Golconda is the first Qutb Shahi mosque of Hyderabad. Twenty five years later Sultan Quli was assassinated by Mir Mahmud Hamadani, Qiladar of Golconda at he instigation of the heir apparent Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah. | |||
| Babur 1st Mogul Emperor of India | 1526 | ||||
| Humayan 2nd Mogul Emperor of India | 1530 | ||||
| Death of Guru Nanak | 1538 | ||||
| 1543 | Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah | Third son of Sultan Quli who ruled for 7 years and died in 1550 of an incurable disease | |||
| 1550 | Subhan Quli Qutb Shah | Jamshhed Quli’s son was thrust upon the throne at the age of 7. After 7 months his paternal Uncle Ibrahim Qutb Shah swept his nephew aside | |||
| Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah | During his exile with the Raja of Vijayangar Ibrahim learnt to love Telugu. During his reign he patronised and encouraged the learning and writing of Telugu Golconda was further streghthened. | ||||
| Akbar 3rd Mogul Emperor of India | 1556 | ||||
| 1562 | Husain Sagar (Tank Bund) | Built by the Sufi saint Husain Shah Wali (son-in-law to Ibrhaim Quli), on a tributary of the Musi River. It links the cities of Hyderabad abd Secunderabad. There are 2 sarais (rest houses) on either side and four sluices to regulate the level of water in the tank. | |||
| 1578 | Purana Pul Bridge completed | Built by Sutan Ibrahim Qutb Shah the bridge has 22 arches, is 600ft long, 35ft broad and 54ft above the river bed. | |||
| 1580 | Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah | During Muhammad Quli’s long, peaceful and prosperous reign the Dynasty reached it’s Zenith. Built the city of Hyderabad to accommodate the surplus population of Golconda – According to legend the King built it for the love of the beautiful Bhagmati whom he titled “Hyder Mahal”. The city was then named after her. “Let millions of men and Women of all Castes, Creeds and Religions make it their Abode, Like Fish in the Ocean” – Prayer of Sultan Mohammed Quli Qutb Shah, while laying the foundations of Hyderabad. The fifth King planned Hyderabad as an ‘open city’. It was to have no walls. The Qutb Shahis already had their well-fortified Golcnda Fort to fall back upon at times of need. Vajihi, an Urdu poet in his court wrote the famous work Lila Majnu | |||
| 1585 | Mir Momin made Peshwa (PM) | Mir Momin came from Persia and was known for his learning, piety and poetry. He was an architect and lover of culture and associated with the layout of the city. At the steps of his mausoleum was buried the famous poet of Emperor Aurangzeb, Mirza Ahmed Niamath Khan Ali. | |||
| 1591 | Charminar completed | Inadequacy of water, and frequent epidemics of plague and Cholera persuaded the fifth Quli Qutub Shahi ruler to venture outward to establish the new city with the Charminar at its centre and with four great roads fanning out in the four cardinal directions. Built during 1591-92 to a height of 56.7meters, on a square base of 31.5metres. Charminar is said to be a protype of Tazia, a representation of the tomb of Imam Husain | |||
| 1594 | Badshahi Ashur Khana | ||||
| 1594 | Charkana (Four Arches) | ||||
| 1595 | Darush – Shifa (House of Cure) | ||||
| 1598 | Jamay Masjid | ||||
| Gunpowder Plot Jahanghir 4th Mogul Emperor of India | 1605 | ||||
| 1612 | Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah | Scholar, deeply religious and a connoisseur of good books. | |||
| 1617 | Mecca Masjid | Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah begun the building of the mosque which was completed 77years later by Aurangzeb.The largest mosque in Hyderabad it is paaterned from the Grand Mosque in Mecca under the direction of Daroga Mir Faizullah Baig and Choudhary Rangaih. The marble graves of the Asif Jahi ruler lie at the southern end. | |||
| Sultan Nagar | |||||
| The Qutb Shah Chronicles | |||||
| Voyage of the Mayflower | 1620 | ||||
| Charles I – King of England | 1625 | Daira Mir Momin | |||
| 1626 | Abdullah Qutb Shah | Ascended the throne at the age of 12. The Kingdom was extended during his rule. Hayath Nagar Mosque built by Hayath Bakshi Begum. The mosque has 5 double arches and 2 minarets. The extensive courtyard is surrounded by several hundred double rooms known as “Sarai of Ma Saheba” for the use of travellers. Within the courtyard lies the “Hati Bauli” (Elephant Well) formerly drawn by elephants. | |||
| Taj Mahal | 1631 | In the royal palace of Hayath Nagar, was celebrated the first shave the seventh King, Abdullah Qutb Shah for 12 days. | |||
| 1636 | Hyderabad came under Mughal pressure | ||||
| 1645 | Tavernier chronicled the diamond industry of Golconda | The Koh-I-noor was found in Kollur near the River Krishna in 1656. | |||
| 1656 | Golconda attacked by Mughal army | ||||
| Aurangzeb 5th Mogul Emperor of India | 1658-1707 | ||||
| 1666 | Hayath Bakshi Begum dies | Only daughter o fthe 5th King, wife of the 6th King and Mother of the seventh King. Ma Saheb Tank (1624), Husaini Alam, Bibi Ka Chasma, Langar, Hayath Nagar Mosque were all built in her memory. She also built the Khairatabad Mosque for her tutor Akhund Mulla Abdul Malik. Akhund built a tomb opposite the mosque which lies vacant as he died in Mecca. | |||
| 1672 | Abul Hasan Tana Shah | Staunch defender against Moghul might. A Benign and tolerant King. In 1687 he was taken prisoner by Aurangzeb and died after 12 years of captivity. Jan Sapar Khan, a noble of Aurangzeb was made govenor of Deccan. Kalamkari, the art of textile painting flourished in a place called Masuilpatnam. Minature painting incorporated both Hindu and Islamic traditions resulting in the birth of a Deccani tradition. Abul Hasan granted a village , Kuchipudi to a Brahim because he was good at presenting dance dramas. Today Kuchipudi is one of the classical dance forms of India | |||
| 1678 | Miyan Mishk Masjid | ||||
| 1684 | Syed Shah Raju II (Syed Shah Raziuddin) dies | Shah Raju was a nephew of Husain Shah Wali. Abul Hasan Tana Shah was his devoted disciple and built a splendid dome over his grave. | |||
| 1687 | Aurangzeb Mogul Army besiege Golconda | Under Aurangzeb’s ambitions to expand the Mogul Empire, Chin Qalich Khan led an attack into the Deccan and later died from his wounds. After eight months of trying to penetrate the sturdy walls and territory of Golconda, Abdullah Khan Pani treacherously opened one of the gates (Fateh Darwaza) to let in the Mogul invaders. Azhdaha Paikur Gun used during the siege of Golconda by Aurangzeb’s army lies on the Musa Burj, southeast of Golconda Fort. Fateh Maidan is where Aurangzeb pitched his first camp on his victorious campaign against Golconda | |||
| 1694 | Mecca Masjid completed | ||||
| 1699 | End of Qutb Shahi Kings Advent of Mogul Rule | Mubrez Khan was the last Mogul Subedar. City wall and gates built during Mogul rule | |||
Asif Jahi Dynasty | |||||
| Mir Qamaruddin new title “Chin Fateh Khan” | |||||
| Farruksiyar, Mogul Emperor | 1713-1719 | Mir Qamaruddin new title “Nizam-ul-Mulk Fateh Jung | Farruksiyar conferred on Mir Qamaruddin the tiltle of Nizam-ul-Mulk Fateh Jung (Regulator of the Realm. | ||
| 1724 | Nizam-ul-Mulk given the title of Asif Jah declares independence | While the Subedar of Malwa the Delhi court secretly instructed Mubrez Khan, the Subedar of Deccan to oppose him. Mubrez Khan was defeated in battle and established Asif Jah’s supremacy in the Deccan. Aruangabad becomes the capital of the State. Hyderabad Dominion expanded by waging a struggle against the Marhattas and by the policy of non-involvement in the rivalry for power between the British and the French. | |||
| 1756 | French enter Hyderabad | The French forces entered Hyderabad in order to install an Asaf Jahi Ruler of their choice. In the end the choice of the British that prevailed. Meanwhile in 1756, French General Monsieur Bussy had occupied the Charminar for a few days. | |||
| George III King of England | 1760 | ||||
| 1763 | Nizam Ali Khan | Second Nizam Ali Khan ascended the throne. He ruled for 41 years and employed the French adventurer Monsieur Raymond. | |||
| Captain James Cook expedition to Australia | 1768 | ||||
| 1769 | Hyderabad becomes capital of the State | ||||
| 1803 | Sikander Jah | Third Nizam ruled for 26 years and appointed Mir Alam as his Prime Minister who was responsible for marinating good relations with the British. End of the war with the Marhattas. Secunderabad was named after the third Nizam. Originally established as a cantonment after 1798 when a subsidiary alliance for military and political cooperation was signed between the Nizam and the British East India company. | |||
| 1809 | Munir-ul-Mulk appointed Prime Minister | Munir was the son of Mir Alam. William Palmer & Co, a banking house introduced in Hyderabad by the British. Due to overspending and heavy borrowing from the bank the finances of the State were in a bad shape. | |||
| French Conquests of Algeria | 1829 | Nasir-ud-Duala | Fourth Nizam ruled for 28 years | ||
| 1830 | |||||
| 1846 | Church of the Holy Trinity Built | The Church was built with a contribution from the private purse of Queen Victoria. | |||
| 1853 | Salar Jung appointed PM | Salar Jung appointed several reforms to improve the finances of the Dominion. | |||
| 1857 | Afzal-ud-Daula | Fifth Nizam ruled for 12 years. Afzal Gurj Bridge Afzal Gurj Mosque | |||
| 1869 | Mir Mahboob Ali Khan | Sixth Nizam ascended the throne at the age of 3 and ruled for 42 years. AKA Mahboob Ali Pasha he was installed as the masnad by the British Resident and Sir Salar Jung, who also acted as the co-regent. | |||
| Queen Victoria declared Empress of India | 1876 | ||||
| 1883 | Salar Jung dies | ||||
| 1893 | Urdu official language | Persian was the official language up to 1893 and then Urdu up to 1948. | |||
| 1908 | Floods wash away city wall. | ||||
| 1911 | Mir Osman Ali Khan | Seventh Nizam ruled for 37 years. Made Honorary Lt. General of the British Army. Elevated by King George V from “His Highness” to “His Exalted Highness”. Title of “Faithful Ally of the British Government was conferred on him. A 21 gun salute signalled his arrival in Britain (Other rulers were only entitled to 19 guns). He led a simple life but was one of the richest men in the world. | |||
| India gained Independence and Partition | 1947 | ||||
| 1948 | Hyderabad State merged with the Indian Union | ||||
| Operation Polo (Police Action) | |||||
| 1956 | Hyderabad becomes capital of Andhra Pradesh | On November 1,1956 the map of India was redrawn into linguistic states | |||
| 1967 | Nizam VII dies | ||||
Copyright (C) 2008: Asif Shafiuddin (www.hyderabad.co.uk)
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